我国低透气性本煤层增透技术现状及气爆增透防突新技术

摘　要:提高煤层的透气性是高瓦斯低透气性矿井瓦斯灾害防治的根本措施。采用文献综述的方法,对我国高瓦斯低透气性本煤层采用的大孔径钻孔、密集交叉钻孔、水力冲孔、水力割缝、水力压裂、深孔爆破等主要技术的增透效果进行评述,指出了各增透方法的优劣及适用性。在充分借鉴深孔爆破和水力压裂增透技术的优点之上,提出了采用高压气体爆破致裂进行高瓦斯低透气性本煤层增透防突的新技术,即气爆增透技术;基于理论分析,揭示了气爆增透新技术的冲击震裂和尖劈压裂增透机理,指出了支撑气爆增透技术工程实践应开展的基础研究工作。

关键词:高瓦斯低透气性煤层 煤体增透 气爆技术 高压气体 应力波

分类号:　TD235 TD713Different Technologies of Permeability Enhancement of Single Coal Seam in China and New Technique of High Pressure Gas ShockZHAO Bao-yo, WANG Hai-dong (1. School of Mechanics and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China; 2. a. Shenyang Research Institute;b. State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Safety Technology, China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Corp,Shenyang 110016 ,China)Abstract:Enhancing the coal permeability was an essential approach to prevent gas disaster in highly gassy and low permeable coal mine. Main technologies in China for coal seam permeability enhancement were reviewed, such as large radius borehole, crossed borehole, hydraulic flushing, hydraulic cutting, hydraulic fracturing and long-hole blasting. The advantages, disadvantages and applicability of these technologies were put forward by comparison with each other. A new technology for coal seam permeability enhancement by high pressure gas shock was presented on the basis of the advantages of hydraulic fracturing and long-hole blasting technologies. The fracturing mechanism of coal induced by high pressure shock technology was studied by theoretical analysis and fundamental researches, which hastened the new technique application in future.

Keyword:highly gassy and low permeable coal seam; coal permeability enhancement; gas shock technique;high pressure gas ; stress wave